{"id":15679,"date":"2026-05-08T17:16:16","date_gmt":"2026-05-08T22:16:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.myphillylawyer.com\/practice-areas\/bicycle-accidents\/philadelphia-bicycle-accidents-at-uncontrolled-intersections\/"},"modified":"2026-05-08T21:09:17","modified_gmt":"2026-05-09T02:09:17","slug":"accidentes-de-bicicleta-en-filadelfia-en-cruces-sin-semaforo","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.myphillylawyer.com\/es\/practice-areas\/bicycle-accidents\/philadelphia-bicycle-accidents-at-uncontrolled-intersections\/","title":{"rendered":"Philadelphia Accidentes de bicicleta en cruces sin sem\u00e1foro"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>An uncontrolled intersection is one of the most dangerous places a cyclist can cross in Philadelphia. No traffic light, no stop sign, no yield sign \u2014 just two roads meeting with no official signal telling anyone who goes first. Drivers often assume they have the right of way. Cyclists get hit. And the injuries can be severe. If a car hit you at an uncontrolled intersection while you were riding your bike in Philadelphia, you may have a valid personal injury claim under Pennsylvania law. A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.myphillylawyer.com\/\">Philadelphia personal injury lawyer<\/a> at MyPhillyLawyer can review your case and help you understand your legal options.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Table of Contents<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#why-uncontrolled-intersections-are-so-dangerous-for-philadelphia-cyclists\">Why Uncontrolled Intersections Are So Dangerous for Philadelphia Cyclists<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#pennsylvania-right-of-way-rules-that-apply-at-uncontrolled-intersections\">Pennsylvania Right-of-Way Rules That Apply at Uncontrolled Intersections<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#how-pennsylvanias-comparative-fault-law-affects-your-bicycle-accident-claim\">How Pennsylvania&#8217;s Comparative Fault Law Affects Your Bicycle Accident Claim<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#what-injuries-cyclists-suffer-in-uncontrolled-intersection-crashes\">What Injuries Cyclists Suffer in Uncontrolled Intersection Crashes<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#what-to-do-after-a-bicycle-accident-at-an-uncontrolled-philadelphia-intersection\">What to Do After a Bicycle Accident at an Uncontrolled Philadelphia Intersection<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#faqs-about-philadelphia-bicycle-accidents-at-uncontrolled-intersections\">FAQs About Philadelphia Bicycle Accidents at Uncontrolled Intersections<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"why-uncontrolled-intersections-are-so-dangerous-for-philadelphia-cyclists\">Why Uncontrolled Intersections Are So Dangerous for Philadelphia Cyclists<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Philadelphia has thousands of intersections scattered across neighborhoods like Fishtown, Kensington, Germantown, and South Philly where no traffic signal or stop sign exists. These are uncontrolled intersections, and they create a serious problem: drivers and cyclists must decide for themselves who has the right of way.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Without a signal or sign, drivers frequently roll through these crossings at full speed. A cyclist riding along a side street or crossing a residential road may enter the intersection at the exact same moment a car does. The result is often a direct broadside collision or a T-bone crash that throws the cyclist off the bike entirely.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Belmont Avenue has been part of Philadelphia&#8217;s &#8220;High Injury Network,&#8221; the 12% of roads responsible for 80% of the city&#8217;s total fatal and serious road injuries, for years. Many of the most dangerous spots on that network involve intersections with no dedicated traffic control at all. The danger is not limited to major roads either. Quiet residential streets in neighborhoods like Brewerytown, West Passyunk, and Port Richmond often have uncontrolled crossings where drivers fail to slow down or check for cyclists.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The intersection of Cobbs Creek Parkway and Catherine Street had no traffic control devices, and neighbors reported that drivers were &#8220;constantly speeding&#8221; there. That kind of environment \u2014 fast-moving traffic meeting an unmarked crossing \u2014 is exactly the scenario that puts cyclists at the highest risk of being struck.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The absence of signage does not mean the absence of rules. Pennsylvania law still governs who yields to whom at these crossings. When a driver ignores those rules and hits a cyclist, they can be held legally responsible. Understanding those rules is the first step in building a strong injury claim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"pennsylvania-right-of-way-rules-that-apply-at-uncontrolled-intersections\">Pennsylvania Right-of-Way Rules That Apply at Uncontrolled Intersections<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pennsylvania&#8217;s Vehicle Code, found in Title 75 of the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes, treats bicycles as vehicles. In Pennsylvania, bicycles are vehicles according to the statute, and a person riding a bicycle has all of the rights and duties of a driver of a vehicle under Title 75 of the Pennsylvania Statutes, except for special regulations specific to bicycles. That means cyclists are entitled to the same right-of-way protections as any car at an intersection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At an uncontrolled intersection, the general rule under Pennsylvania law is that a driver must yield to any vehicle that has already entered the intersection. When two vehicles arrive at the same time, the driver on the left must yield to the driver on the right. This is the classic &#8220;right-of-way&#8221; rule, and it applies to cyclists just as it applies to cars.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Drivers turning right at an uncontrolled intersection must also yield to a cyclist proceeding straight through. Under Pennsylvania right-of-way laws, a driver turning right must yield to a bicyclist who is proceeding straight. The law is designed to prevent &#8220;right hook&#8221; accidents, which happen when a car passes a cyclist and then immediately makes a right turn, cutting off the cyclist&#8217;s path. This rule applies whether you&#8217;re in a bike lane, on the shoulder, or in the main traffic lane.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Drivers approaching from an alley or driveway onto a road also have a specific duty. Under 75 Pa. C.S. \u00a7 3344, a driver emerging from an alley, driveway, or building must stop before crossing the sidewalk and yield to all traffic on the roadway. This provision directly protects cyclists riding along streets when a car pulls out from a side entrance without checking for oncoming bike traffic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When a driver fails to follow these rules and strikes a cyclist, that failure is evidence of negligence. A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.myphillylawyer.com\/practice-areas\/vehicle-accidents\/\">car accident lawyer<\/a> at MyPhillyLawyer who handles <a href=\"https:\/\/www.myphillylawyer.com\/practice-areas\/vehicle-accidents\/\">vehicle accident claims<\/a> can use that evidence to support your case for compensation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-pennsylvanias-comparative-fault-law-affects-your-bicycle-accident-claim\">How Pennsylvania&#8217;s Comparative Fault Law Affects Your Bicycle Accident Claim<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>One of the first things an insurance company will do after a bicycle accident at an uncontrolled intersection is try to blame the cyclist. They might argue that you were riding too fast, failed to look before entering the intersection, or did not yield when you should have. This is a standard defense tactic, and it is designed to reduce or eliminate the amount they have to pay you.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pennsylvania uses a modified comparative fault system under 42 Pa. C.S. \u00a7 7102. This statute sets a clear rule: your damages are reduced by your percentage of fault, but you can still recover as long as your share of the fault is not greater than the combined fault of all defendants. If you are found to be more than 50% at fault, you recover nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So, if a jury finds you were 20% at fault for entering the intersection without slowing down, and the driver was 80% at fault for failing to yield, your total damages are reduced by 20%. You still recover 80% of what you are owed. That is a meaningful distinction, and it means that even if you made some mistake, you may still have a strong claim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The key is building the evidence correctly from the start. Witness accounts, surveillance footage from nearby businesses along streets like Aramingo Avenue or Frankford Avenue, and the physical damage patterns on your bike and the vehicle can all help establish who had the right of way and who failed to exercise it. Do not let an insurance adjuster&#8217;s early assessment of fault be the final word on your case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-injuries-cyclists-suffer-in-uncontrolled-intersection-crashes\">What Injuries Cyclists Suffer in Uncontrolled Intersection Crashes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Bicycle crashes at uncontrolled intersections tend to produce some of the most serious injuries in any cycling accident category. The reason is simple: these crashes often happen at full speed, with no braking, because neither party saw the other coming until it was too late.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The most common serious injuries include traumatic brain injuries, broken bones, spinal cord damage, and severe road rash. A cyclist struck broadside by a car traveling at even 25 miles per hour can be thrown several feet. Landing on pavement without the protection that a car&#8217;s frame provides means the full force of impact transfers directly to the cyclist&#8217;s body.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Head injuries are a particular concern. Even with a helmet, the rotational force from a side impact can cause a concussion or worse. Skull fractures, herniated discs in the cervical spine, and broken arms from instinctive impact bracing are all common outcomes. Cyclists who are hit and land on their shoulder often suffer rotator cuff tears or shoulder dislocations that require surgery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Internal injuries are also a real risk. A direct blow to the torso from a car bumper or hood can cause internal bleeding or organ damage that is not immediately visible at the scene. Many cyclists walk away from a crash feeling shaken but not critically hurt, only to discover hours later that their injuries are far more serious than they appeared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The medical costs from these injuries add up fast. Under 75 Pa. C.S. \u00a7 1711, Pennsylvania requires that auto insurance policies include at least $5,000 in medical benefits coverage. That minimum is rarely enough to cover the full cost of emergency care, imaging, surgery, and rehabilitation after a serious bicycle crash. A personal injury claim against the at-fault driver is often the only way to recover your full losses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-to-do-after-a-bicycle-accident-at-an-uncontrolled-philadelphia-intersection\">What to Do After a Bicycle Accident at an Uncontrolled Philadelphia Intersection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The steps you take in the hours and days after a crash at an uncontrolled intersection can significantly shape the outcome of your injury claim. Start at the scene. Call 911 and get a police report filed, even if the driver insists it is unnecessary. A police report documents the location, the parties involved, and any initial observations about fault. That report becomes part of the official record.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Photograph everything you can before leaving the scene. Take pictures of the intersection from multiple angles, the position of both vehicles, your bike damage, your injuries, and any skid marks or debris on the road. Look around for security cameras on nearby homes or businesses. Intersections near commercial areas along corridors like Passyunk Avenue, Germantown Avenue, or Baltimore Avenue often have camera coverage from nearby shops.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Get medical attention the same day, even if you feel okay. Adrenaline masks pain. Some injuries, including internal bleeding and traumatic brain injuries, do not produce obvious symptoms right away. A same-day medical evaluation creates a documented link between the crash and your injuries, which is critical for your claim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pennsylvania&#8217;s general personal injury statute of limitations is found at 42 Pa. C.S. \u00a7 5524. You have two years from the date of the accident to file a lawsuit. Missing that deadline almost certainly means losing your right to compensation entirely. Acting quickly also preserves evidence before it disappears, witnesses before their memories fade, and your legal options before they close.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Call MyPhillyLawyer at <strong>(215) 227-2727<\/strong> as soon as possible after your crash. Our office is in Philadelphia, and we represent injured cyclists across the city. We can start investigating your case right away, deal with the insurance company on your behalf, and fight to get you the full compensation you deserve. If you are unable to reach us by phone, you can also reach us toll free at <strong>866-352-4572<\/strong>. You can also learn more about some of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.myphillylawyer.com\/practice-areas\/vehicle-accidents\/the-most-dangerous-intersections-and-roads-in-philadelphia\/\">most dangerous roads in Philadelphia<\/a> to understand where crashes like yours happen most often.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"faqs-about-philadelphia-bicycle-accidents-at-uncontrolled-intersections\">FAQs About Philadelphia Bicycle Accidents at Uncontrolled Intersections<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Who has the right of way at an uncontrolled intersection in Philadelphia?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Under Pennsylvania&#8217;s Vehicle Code, the driver who arrives at an uncontrolled intersection first generally has the right of way. When two vehicles arrive at the same time, the driver on the left must yield to the driver on the right. Cyclists are treated as vehicles under Title 75 of the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes, so these same rules apply to them. A driver who fails to yield and strikes a cyclist can be held liable for the resulting injuries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Can I still recover compensation if I was partly at fault for the crash?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Yes, in most cases. Pennsylvania follows a modified comparative fault rule under 42 Pa. C.S. \u00a7 7102. You can still recover damages as long as your share of the fault does not exceed 50%. Your total compensation is reduced by your percentage of fault. So if you were 25% at fault and the driver was 75% at fault, you can still recover 75% of your total damages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What if there were no witnesses to my bicycle accident at an uncontrolled intersection?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A lack of eyewitnesses does not automatically sink your claim. Physical evidence from the scene, security camera footage from nearby businesses, the damage patterns on your bike and the vehicle, and the police report can all help establish what happened. An experienced attorney can work with accident reconstruction professionals to piece together the sequence of events and demonstrate the driver&#8217;s fault.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How long do I have to file a bicycle accident lawsuit in Pennsylvania?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Under 42 Pa. C.S. \u00a7 5524, Pennsylvania&#8217;s general personal injury statute of limitations gives you two years from the date of the accident to file a lawsuit. If you miss this deadline, you will almost certainly lose your right to pursue compensation in court. There are limited exceptions, but they are narrow. Contacting an attorney as soon as possible after your crash gives you the best chance of preserving your claim and your evidence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What compensation can I recover after a bicycle accident at an uncontrolled intersection?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>You may be able to recover medical expenses, future medical costs, lost wages, loss of earning capacity, pain and suffering, and compensation for permanent disability or scarring. The specific damages available depend on the severity of your injuries and the facts of your case. Pennsylvania auto insurance policies are required to carry at least $5,000 in first-party medical benefits under 75 Pa. C.S. \u00a7 1711, but serious injuries routinely exceed that amount, making a personal injury claim against the at-fault driver necessary to cover your full losses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Who has the right of way at an uncontrolled intersection in Philadelphia?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Under Pennsylvania's Vehicle Code, the driver who arrives at an uncontrolled intersection first generally has the right of way. When two vehicles arrive at the same time, the driver on the left must yield to the driver on the right. Cyclists are treated as vehicles under Title 75 of the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes, so these same rules apply to them. A driver who fails to yield and strikes a cyclist can be held liable for the resulting injuries.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Can I still recover compensation if I was partly at fault for the crash?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Yes, in most cases. Pennsylvania follows a modified comparative fault rule under 42 Pa. C.S. \u00a7 7102. You can still recover damages as long as your share of the fault does not exceed 50%. Your total compensation is reduced by your percentage of fault. So if you were 25% at fault and the driver was 75% at fault, you can still recover 75% of your total damages.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What if there were no witnesses to my bicycle accident at an uncontrolled intersection?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"A lack of eyewitnesses does not automatically sink your claim. Physical evidence from the scene, security camera footage from nearby businesses, the damage patterns on your bike and the vehicle, and the police report can all help establish what happened. An experienced attorney can work with accident reconstruction professionals to piece together the sequence of events and demonstrate the driver's fault.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How long do I have to file a bicycle accident lawsuit in Pennsylvania?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Under 42 Pa. C.S. \u00a7 5524, Pennsylvania's general personal injury statute of limitations gives you two years from the date of the accident to file a lawsuit. If you miss this deadline, you will almost certainly lose your right to pursue compensation in court. There are limited exceptions, but they are narrow. Contacting an attorney as soon as possible after your crash gives you the best chance of preserving your claim and your evidence.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What compensation can I recover after a bicycle accident at an uncontrolled intersection?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"You may be able to recover medical expenses, future medical costs, lost wages, loss of earning capacity, pain and suffering, and compensation for permanent disability or scarring. The specific damages available depend on the severity of your injuries and the facts of your case. Pennsylvania auto insurance policies are required to carry at least $5,000 in first-party medical benefits under 75 Pa. C.S. \u00a7 1711, but serious injuries routinely exceed that amount, making a personal injury claim against the at-fault driver necessary to cover your full losses.\"}}]}<\/script>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">More Resources About Intersection &#038; Urban Bicycle Accidents<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.myphillylawyer.com\/practice-areas\/bicycle-accidents\/philadelphia-bicycle-intersection-accidents\/\">Philadelphia Bicycle Intersection Accidents<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.myphillylawyer.com\/practice-areas\/bicycle-accidents\/philadelphia-bicycle-accidents-at-four-way-stops\/\">Philadelphia Bicycle Accidents at Four-Way Stops<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.myphillylawyer.com\/practice-areas\/bicycle-accidents\/philadelphia-bicycle-accidents-at-traffic-lights\/\">Philadelphia Bicycle Accidents at Traffic Lights<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.myphillylawyer.com\/practice-areas\/bicycle-accidents\/philadelphia-bicycle-accidents-at-stop-signs\/\">Philadelphia Bicycle Accidents at Stop Signs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.myphillylawyer.com\/practice-areas\/bicycle-accidents\/philadelphia-bicycle-accidents-at-busy-urban-intersections\/\">Philadelphia Bicycle Accidents at Busy Urban Intersections<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.myphillylawyer.com\/practice-areas\/bicycle-accidents\/philadelphia-right-hook-bicycle-accidents\/\">Philadelphia Right Hook Bicycle Accidents<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.myphillylawyer.com\/practice-areas\/bicycle-accidents\/philadelphia-left-hook-bicycle-accidents\/\">Philadelphia Left Hook Bicycle Accidents<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.myphillylawyer.com\/practice-areas\/bicycle-accidents\/philadelphia-rear-end-bicycle-accidents\/\">Philadelphia Rear-End Bicycle Accidents<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.myphillylawyer.com\/practice-areas\/bicycle-accidents\/philadelphia-sideswipe-bicycle-accidents\/\">Philadelphia Sideswipe Bicycle Accidents<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.myphillylawyer.com\/practice-areas\/bicycle-accidents\/philadelphia-dooring-bicycle-accidents\/\">Philadelphia Dooring Bicycle Accidents<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.myphillylawyer.com\/practice-areas\/bicycle-accidents\/philadelphia-bicycle-accidents-in-the-door-zone\/\">Philadelphia Bicycle Accidents in the Door Zone<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.myphillylawyer.com\/practice-areas\/bicycle-accidents\/philadelphia-bicycle-accidents-caused-by-parked-cars\/\">Philadelphia Bicycle Accidents Caused by Parked Cars<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.myphillylawyer.com\/practice-areas\/bicycle-accidents\/philadelphia-bicycle-accidents-in-alleys\/\">Philadelphia Bicycle Accidents in Alleys<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.myphillylawyer.com\/practice-areas\/bicycle-accidents\/philadelphia-bicycle-accidents-in-parking-lots\/\">Philadelphia Bicycle Accidents in Parking Lots<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.myphillylawyer.com\/practice-areas\/bicycle-accidents\/philadelphia-bicycle-accidents-in-driveways\/\">Philadelphia Bicycle Accidents in Driveways<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>An uncontrolled intersection is one of the most dangerous places a cyclist can cross in Philadelphia. No traffic light, no stop sign, no yield sign \u2014 just two roads meeting with no official signal telling anyone who goes first. Drivers often assume they have the right of way. Cyclists get hit. And the injuries can&hellip;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":0,"parent":257,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-15679","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.myphillylawyer.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15679","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.myphillylawyer.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.myphillylawyer.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.myphillylawyer.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.myphillylawyer.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15679"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.myphillylawyer.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15679\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15872,"href":"https:\/\/www.myphillylawyer.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15679\/revisions\/15872"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.myphillylawyer.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/257"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.myphillylawyer.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15679"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}